Grant Hubbard
MSc(MRes) Quantum Computation & Information. BSc(Hons) Mathematics. University & College Lecturer in Mathematics. Lecturing calculus, linear algebra & differential equations to undergraduates of: Mathematics, Financial Mathematics, Astrophysics, Engineering & Computer Science. Visiting Lecturer to the FE sector, lecturing BTec Engineering Mathematics, A-Level, IB, iGCSE & GCSE Mathematics. In a former life, 25 years in the construction industry as a building & land surveyor.
The GCSE Maths Problem: The National Curriculum for Mathematics fails almost as many people as it helps. As you might expect, those it helps tend to be from the upper rungs of the UK's socio-economic ladder, those it fails are from elsewhere. There is nothing about mathematics itself that necessitates this imbalance: studying it requires no materials, gadgets, premises or finances. However, the GCSE Maths Certificate is today being used as a means of discrimination, due to its two-tier exam and cohort referenced grade system. The two-tier system comprises of the higher and foundation exam papers: higher papers award grades 3 to 9, foundation papers award grades 1 to 5. The cohort referenced marking system allocates grade 1 to the lowest scores each year and grade 9 to the highest. Since the minimum pass is the grade 4, grades 1 to 3 are fails and are guaranteed to exist, regardless of the performance of the whole cohort in that year. Of the roughly 320,000 students who failed to reach the national benchmark of the grade 4 GCSE pass in 2023, 98% were foundation tier entrants. Often, students are allocated to a particular tier upon enrolment at their secondary school, as a result of their primary school performance. This decision will be augmented by criteria such as the Fisher Family Trust report, which lists among other things, eligibility for free school meals. A student's tier-allocation for mathematics is therefore at least partially the due to socio-economic factors. A student's tier-allocation is THE major deciding factor in whether they pass the GCSE exam or not. Students who leave secondary school without their GCSE Maths Pass Certificate have a reduced set of options. Many jobs, FE courses and apprenticeships require the minimum grade 4 pass - regardless of whether any mathematical skills are necessary. These students invariably enrol at an FE college, where they choose from a reduced prospectus due to the lack of this certificate. As a Condition of Funding, they must also continue studying maths until they either achieve the GCSE grade 4 pass or leave State Education altogether. Only the non-achievement of the GCSE grade 4+ pass triggers a student's enrolment onto the maths resit program. Only by achieving the GCSE grade 4+ pass are they released from it. By and large, students do not like this state of affairs. Neither should we. There are of course other maths qualifications. I invite you to take a look at any of the functional skills entry level exams that are freely available online. It will be an education. Suffice to say that the Uk's top employers (even MacDonald's) reserve their jobs for the GCSE grade 4 holders. Nevertheless, right now, doyens of the FE sector are calling for the scrapping of the GCSE Maths program. The claim is: that the functional skills programs are better for students. The reality is: FSQs are chosen by the FE colleges so that they can demonstrate exam success. The student's reality is: that they will not be released from the resit program until the GCSE grade 4 is achieved.
Fe News: Once Upon a Maths Resit by Grant Hubbard
Recent requests made to Ofqual under the freedom of information act, highlight the true scale of this issue and invite us to think again about the approach that’s been taken so far. All statistics from Ofqual 2023: “So, what exactly does anyone need to know this for then?”
These figures have been obtained from Ofqual under the Freedom of Information Act, and relate to the 2023 GCSE Maths exam. They are results for all students, of all ages, from all institutions, in England. Of particular interest is the fact that of the 317,565 students who failed to achieve the grade 4 pass, 98% of them (310,895) had taken the foundation paper. Note also that the grade 4 pass threshold was 20% for the higher paper as against 61% for the foundation paper, and that 98% of all students entered for the higher paper, passed it.
FOIA Ofqual 2023 These figures refer to all GCSE Maths exams taken by students of all ages in an FE college in England. Note that the FE sector enters 97.1% of all its students for the foundation paper that 88.9% of them fail, for at least their 2nd attempt. Not all colleges force their students to take the foundation paper. Those that do are almost certainly responding to their own staffing issues rather than acting in their students' interests.
FOIA Ofqual 2023 These figures predominantly relate to FE students enrolled on a two year study program, who arrived from school with a GCSE Maths grade 3 certificate. For the most part, only those students who achieved a grade 3 in a previous attempt, are entered for the GCSE exam, 92% of whom, you will notice, failed to achieve the grade 4 again. The rest are allocated to various Functional Skills Qualifications, and must work their way through (up to 5) FSQ levels before finally being entered onto the GCSE resit. Most will never get to this stage before their FE funding comes to an end.
FOIA Ofqual 2023 These figures relate to students up to the age of 16, who attended a private fee paying school. Note that the private sector entered 73.2% of all its students for the higher paper. Note also that even in the rarefied atmosphere of the private sector, more students fail the foundation paper than pass it, and that the private sector's performance for the higher paper is no better than the national average.
Both the higher and foundation papers are marked out of a total of 240 possible marks and contain roughly 80 questions. This means the average mark per question is 3. The grade 4 pass threshold for the higher paper in 2023 was 47/240 (20%). The grade 4 pass threshold for the foundation paper in 2023 was 147/240 (61%). Take a look at the grade 3 threshold: a student who achieved this on a foundation paper scored between 109/240 (46%) and 146/240 (61%). Compare this to the performance of a students who just scraped a grade 4 pass on the higher paper. Even at the lower end of this scale, the grade 3 foundation performance is more than double that of the grade 4 higher performance.